ముఖ్యమైన సంక్షిప్త రూపాలు (Abbreviations)

భారత ప్రభుత్వ సంస్థలు, నియంత్రణ సంస్థలు, పరిశోధన సంస్థల పూర్తి పేర్లు పరీక్షల్లో ప్రత్యక్షంగా అడుగుతారు. పూర్తి రూపం తెలిస్తే సంస్థ పనేమిటో కూడా అర్థమవుతుంది.

• ISRO: Indian Space Research Organisation (భారత అంతరిక్ష పరిశోధన సంస్థ).
• DRDO: Defence Research and Development Organisation.
• NITI Aayog: National Institution for Transforming India.
• RBI: Reserve Bank of India.
• SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India.
• NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
• SIDBI: Small Industries Development Bank of India.
• IRDAI: Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India.
• TRAI: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India.
• UPSC:
  1. Union Public Service Commission
  2. SSC: Staff Selection Commission.
• CBI:
  1. Central Bureau of Investigation
  2. NIA: National Investigation Agency.
• CVC:
  1. Central Vigilance Commission
  2. CAG: Comptroller and Auditor General.
• NHRC: National Human Rights Commission.
• CSIR: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.
• ICMR:
  1. Indian Council of Medical Research
  2. ICAR: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
• BARC: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.
• HAL:
  1. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
  2. BHEL: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.
• ONGC:
  1. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
  2. NTPC: National Thermal Power Corporation.
• SAIL:
  1. Steel Authority of India Limited
  2. LIC: Life Insurance Corporation.
• FCI:
  1. Food Corporation of India
  2. AIIMS: All India Institute of Medical Sciences.
• RAW:
  1. Research and Analysis Wing
  2. IB: Intelligence Bureau.
• UIDAI: Unique Identification Authority of India (ఆధార్ జారీ చేసేది).

ఐక్యరాజ్యసమితి సంస్థలు, ప్రాంతీయ కూటములు, క్రీడా సంస్థల పూర్తి రూపాలు సాధారణ విజ్ఞాన పరీక్షల్లో కనిపిస్తాయి.

• UN / UNO: United Nations (Organization).
• UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• UNICEF: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.
• UNDP:
  1. United Nations Development Programme
  2. UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme.
• UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
• WHO:
  1. World Health Organization
  2. FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization.
• ILO: International Labour Organization.
• IMF:
  1. International Monetary Fund
  2. WTO: World Trade Organization.
• IAEA:
  1. International Atomic Energy Agency
  2. ICJ: International Court of Justice.
• NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
• ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
• BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa.
• OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
• OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
• NAM: Non-Aligned Movement.
• BIMSTEC: Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation.
• SCO: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
• Interpol: International Criminal Police Organization.
• FIFA: Fédération Internationale de Football Association.
• ICC:
  1. International Cricket Council
  2. IOC: International Olympic Committee.
• NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
• CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research.

గుర్తుంచుకునే చిట్కా BRICS అక్షరాలు: B (బ్రెజిల్), R (రష్యా), I (ఇండియా), C (చైనా), S (దక్షిణాఫ్రికా).

కంప్యూటర్, ఇంటర్నెట్, మొబైల్ రంగాల్లోని సంక్షిప్త రూపాలు ప్రతి పరీక్షలో వస్తున్నాయి. రోజూ వాడే పదాలే కాబట్టి పూర్తి రూపాలు సులభంగా గుర్తుంటాయి.

• CPU: Central Processing Unit.
• RAM:
  1. Random Access Memory
  2. ROM: Read Only Memory.
• USB: Universal Serial Bus.
• PDF: Portable Document Format.
• HTML:
  1. HyperText Markup Language
  2. HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol.
• URL:
  1. Uniform Resource Locator
  2. WWW: World Wide Web.
• LAN:
  1. Local Area Network
  2. WAN: Wide Area Network.
• ISP: Internet Service Provider.
• GPS: Global Positioning System.
• SIM: Subscriber Identity Module.
• IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity.
• GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications.
• CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access.
• OTP:
  1. One Time Password
  2. PIN: Personal Identification Number.
• ATM: Automated Teller Machine.
• LED:
  1. Light Emitting Diode
  2. LCD: Liquid Crystal Display.
• AI:
  1. Artificial Intelligence
  2. IoT: Internet of Things.
• BIOS: Basic Input Output System.
• ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
• MODEM: Modulator–Demodulator.
• VPN: Virtual Private Network.
• SMS: Short Message Service.

బ్యాంకింగ్, పన్నులు, ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థకు సంబంధించిన సంక్షిప్త రూపాలు SSC, బ్యాంకు, గ్రూప్స్ పరీక్షలన్నింటిలో కీలకం.

• GDP:
  1. Gross Domestic Product
  2. GNP: Gross National Product.
• GST:
  1. Goods and Services Tax
  2. VAT: Value Added Tax.
• PAN:
  1. Permanent Account Number
  2. TAN: Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number.
• KYC: Know Your Customer.
• IFSC: Indian Financial System Code.
• MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition.
• UPI: Unified Payments Interface.
• NEFT: National Electronic Funds Transfer.
• RTGS: Real Time Gross Settlement.
• IMPS: Immediate Payment Service.
• NPA: Non-Performing Asset (తిరిగి చెల్లించని రుణం).
• FDI:
  1. Foreign Direct Investment
  2. FII: Foreign Institutional Investor.
• EMI: Equated Monthly Instalment.
• FD:
  1. Fixed Deposit
  2. RD: Recurring Deposit.
• PPF:
  1. Public Provident Fund
  2. EPF: Employees' Provident Fund.
• NPS: National Pension System.
• CPI:
  1. Consumer Price Index
  2. WPI: Wholesale Price Index.
• CRR:
  1. Cash Reserve Ratio
  2. SLR: Statutory Liquidity Ratio.
• SEZ:
  1. Special Economic Zone
  2. MSME: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
• IPO: Initial Public Offering.
• NSE:
  1. National Stock Exchange
  2. BSE: Bombay Stock Exchange.
• MGNREGA: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
• PMJDY: Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana.

జీవ, రసాయన, వైద్య రంగాల్లో వాడే ముఖ్య సంక్షిప్త రూపాలు సైన్స్ GK పరీక్షల్లో తరచూ వస్తాయి.

• DNA:
  1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  2. RNA: Ribonucleic Acid.
• ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate (కణంలోని శక్తి రూపం).
• HIV:
  1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  2. AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
• TB: Tuberculosis.
• COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019.
• ORS: Oral Rehydration Solution.
• BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (క్షయ నివారణ టీకా).
• DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus.
• ECG:
  1. Electrocardiogram
  2. EEG: Electroencephalogram.
• MRI:
  1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  2. CT: Computed Tomography.
• LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
• RADAR:
  1. Radio Detection And Ranging
  2. SONAR: Sound Navigation And Ranging.
• LPG:
  1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  2. CNG: Compressed Natural Gas.
• PVC: Polyvinyl Chloride.
• CFC: Chlorofluorocarbon (ఓజోన్ పొర క్షీణతకు కారణం).
• BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (నీటి కాలుష్య సూచిక).
• UV:
  1. Ultraviolet
  2. IR: Infrared.
• IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature.
• WWF: World Wide Fund for Nature (పాత పేరు World Wildlife Fund).

పోటీ పరీక్షలు రాసే అభ్యర్థులకు తమ పరీక్షలు, సర్వీసుల పూర్తి రూపాలు తెలియడం తప్పనిసరి. రక్షణ రంగ పదాలు కూడా తరచూ అడుగుతారు.

• విద్య, పరీక్షలు
• IAS:
  1. Indian Administrative Service
  2. IPS: Indian Police Service.
• APPSC: Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission.
• TGPSC: Telangana State Public Service Commission.
• NEET: National Eligibility cum Entrance Test.
• JEE: Joint Entrance Examination.
• GATE: Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering.
• TET:
  1. Teacher Eligibility Test
  2. DSC: District Selection Committee.
• UGC: University Grants Commission.
• NCERT: National Council of Educational Research and Training.
• SCERT: State Council of Educational Research and Training.
• CBSE: Central Board of Secondary Education.
• IGNOU: Indira Gandhi National Open University.
• NCTE: National Council for Teacher Education.
• RTE:
  1. Right to Education
  2. NEP: National Education Policy.
• SSA: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.
• NCC:
  1. National Cadet Corps
  2. NSS: National Service Scheme.
• రక్షణ రంగం
• NDA: National Defence Academy (పుణె సమీపంలో).
• IMA: Indian Military Academy (డెహ్రాడూన్).
• IAF: Indian Air Force.
• BSF:
  1. Border Security Force
  2. CRPF: Central Reserve Police Force.
• CISF: Central Industrial Security Force.
• ITBP: Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
• NSG: National Security Guard.
• NDRF: National Disaster Response Force.
• AFSPA: Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.
• ICBM: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile.
• UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.

హైదరాబాద్, ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్, తెలంగాణలోని ప్రముఖ సంస్థల పూర్తి పేర్లు APPSC, TGPSC పరీక్షల్లో ప్రత్యేకంగా అడుగుతారు.

• పరిశోధన సంస్థలు (హైదరాబాద్)
• CCMB: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology.
• NGRI: National Geophysical Research Institute.
• NIN: National Institute of Nutrition.
• NRSC: National Remote Sensing Centre.
• NIRD: National Institute of Rural Development.
• DRDL: Defence Research and Development Laboratory.
• ICRISAT: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (పటాన్‌చెరు).
• ప్రభుత్వ రంగ సంస్థలు
• BDL: Bharat Dynamics Limited.
• ECIL: Electronics Corporation of India Limited.
• NMDC: National Mineral Development Corporation.
• MIDHANI: Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited.
• స్థానిక పాలన, రవాణా, ఇతర
• GHMC: Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation.
• HMDA: Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority.
• APSRTC: Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation.
• TGSRTC: Telangana State Road Transport Corporation.
• TTD: Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams.
• SHAR: Satish Dhawan Space Centre (శ్రీహరికోట) – ISRO ప్రయోగ కేంద్రం.
• ISB: Indian School of Business.
• APCRDA: Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority.

రోజువారీ జీవితంలో, న్యాయ, ఎన్నికల రంగాల్లో వాడే సంక్షిప్త రూపాలు చాలా సార్లు పరీక్షల్లో వస్తాయి. వీటిని మనం రోజూ వింటూనే ఉంటాం.

• న్యాయ, పాలన
• FIR: First Information Report.
• PIL: Public Interest Litigation (ప్రజా ప్రయోజన వ్యాజ్యం).
• RTI: Right to Information.
• NOC: No Objection Certificate.
• IPC:
  1. Indian Penal Code
  2. CrPC: Code of Criminal Procedure.
• DGP:
  1. Director General of Police
  2. SP: Superintendent of Police
  3. SHO: Station House Officer.
• MLA:
  1. Member of Legislative Assembly
  2. MLC: Member of Legislative Council
  3. MP: Member of Parliament.
• ఎన్నికలు
• EVM: Electronic Voting Machine.
• VVPAT: Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail.
• EPIC: Electors Photo Identity Card (ఓటరు గుర్తింపు కార్డు).
• NOTA: None Of The Above.
• రోజువారీ పదాలు
• AD:
  1. Anno Domini (క్రీస్తు శకం)
  2. BC: Before Christ (క్రీస్తు పూర్వం).
• AM:
  1. Ante Meridiem (మధ్యాహ్నం ముందు)
  2. PM: Post Meridiem (మధ్యాహ్నం తర్వాత).
• PIN (పోస్టల్ కోడ్): Postal Index Number.
• IQ: Intelligence Quotient.
• VIP: Very Important Person.
• FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions.
• CCTV: Closed Circuit Television.
• ISBN: International Standard Book Number.
• UFO: Unidentified Flying Object.
• ASAP: As Soon As Possible.